@article{bibcite_8008,
  author = {Y. Z. Jia and W. Liu and B. Xu and G. N. Luo and C. Li and B. Q. Fu and G. De Temmerman},
  title = {Nanostructures and pinholes on W surfaces exposed to high flux D plasma at high temperatures},
  abstract = {Nanostructures and pinholes formed on tungsten surface exposed to high fluxes (1024\&$\#$xa0;m-2\&$\#$xa0;s-1) deuterium ions at 943\&$\#$xa0;K and 1073\&$\#$xa0;K were studied by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Nanostructure formation is observed at 943\&$\#$xa0;K and 1073\&$\#$xa0;K, and exhibits a strong dependence on the surface orientation. With increasing fluence, pinholes appear on the surface and are mainly observed on grains with surface normal near [1\&$\#$xa0;1\&$\#$xa0;1]. The pinholes are speculated to be caused by the rupture of bubbles formed near the surface. The formation of pinholes has no obvious relationship with the surface nanostructures.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},
  volume = {463},
  pages = {312 - 315},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.054},
  note = {PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTIONS 21 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices Kanazawa, Japan May 26-30, 2014},
  language = {eng},
}