@article{8250,
  author = {Y. Z. Jia and W. Liu and B. Xu and S. L. Qu and L. Q. Shi and T. W. Morgan},
  title = {Subsurface deuterium bubble formation in W due to low-energy high flux deuterium plasma exposure},
  abstract = {The deuterium (D) bubbles formed in W exposed to high flux D plasma were researched by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After D plasma exposure at 500 K and 1000 K, a layer of nano-sized bubbles were homogenously distributed in W subsurface region. The D bubbles were homogenously nucleated due to the high D concentration, and the nucleation process is not related to the vacancy defects. At low temperature (500 K), D bubbles can grow by surface blistering, which caused different nano scale morphologies on different surfaces. At high temperature (1000 K), D bubbles mainly grow by vacancy clustering, which caused pinholes on the surface.
},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {034003},
  doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/57/3/034003},
  language = {eng},
}