@article{article,
  author = {T. F. Beernaert and A. Verlaan and M. De Bock and L. Moser and L. F.P. Etman and I. G. J. Classen and M.R. de Baar},
  title = {Multi-level architecture modelling and analysis: The case for model-based systems engineering of fusion diagnostics},
  abstract = {Fusion reactors are complex systems of interconnected parts, many of which rely on novel technologies. Understanding the patterns of connectivity is essential for many design aspects: assessing technical risks, leveraging modularity, preventing rework and enabling functional integration. The enabling design artefact is the system{\textquoteright}s architecture, its conceptual model of functions, components and interfaces. In this paper, we present two architecture modelling and analysis methods based on Dependency Structure Matrices (DSM). Firstly, the bottom-up method builds an architecture model from decentralized documentation of all ITER diagnostics and their interfaces. The DSM highlights a modular system topology, integration challenges and opportunities for managing complexity. The limitations of this method, however, motivate the development of a top-down alternative. The top-down method is suited for early-stage design definition, therefore generating valuable insights throughout the development lifecycle. The architecture model serves as a central storage of design information, from which viewpoints can be automatically generated: DSMs, functional flow diagrams, cabling diagrams, interface reports and requirements propagation tables. This model-based information paradigm drastically improves design quality, project planning, change management and stakeholder communication. The top-down method is demonstrated for the Visible Spectroscopy Reference System, one of ITER{\textquoteright}s first diagnostics, but promises a more widespread application.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Fusion Engineering and Design},
  volume = {205},
  pages = {114571},
  month = {08/2024},
  doi = {10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114571},
  language = {eng},
}