@article{9116,
  author = {Q.T. Zhang and M.M. Lao and Y.Y. Yu and X.Z. Ma and M. Li and Z.F. Fei and P.J. Dyson and S.F. Wang and D.Y. Min},
  title = {Manipulation of the Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Nanoclusters by Ni-N4 Sites Enhances the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction},
  abstract = {Designing electrocatalysts that are both highly efficient and durable is crucial for the industrial implementation of alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies. A limitation of the current Ru-based catalysts is that the water dissociation energy barrier tends to be too high. Here, the electronic structure of ruthenium nanoclusters (Ru NCs) is modulated by single atom Ni-N4 sites leading to leading to lowering of the water dissociation barrier. X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum confirms that Ru NCs are stably anchored on the carbon support through the formation of Ru-N bonds, significantly enhancing catalytic stability. The resulting Ru/Ni-N4C-300 catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 15.0 mV at 10 mA cm-2 together with robust durability. An anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing Ru/Ni-N4C-300 can be stably operated under 500 mA cm-2 for over 1370 h, surpassing the parameters required for industrialization. Theoretical calculation indicates the single atom Ni-N4 sites in Ru/Ni-N4C-300 optimize the electron distribution of Ru NCs, thereby reducing the Gibbs free energy of intermediates species in water dissociation process.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {2416071},
  month = {04/2025},
  doi = {10.1002/adfm.202416071},
}