Particle Diagnostics

Many particle diagnostics are active techniques based on the injection of a beam of neutral atoms or charged ions into the plasma. As a result of various processes, primary or secondary particles emerge from the plasma. (Energy) analysis of these particles gives valuable information on several important plasma parameters. The emphasis of this paper is put on those particle diagnostics which are used to study details of the ion velocity distribution in the core of the plasma. These include neutral particle analysis (active and passive), charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy and Rutherford scattering.