Direct observations of L-I-H and H-I-L transitions with the X-point reciprocating probe in ASDEX Upgrade

A reciprocating Langmuir probe was used to directly measure the behavior of turbulence and flows in the X-point region during transitions between low-(L) and high-confinement (H) mode in ASDEX Upgrade. The probe traverses the divertor horizontally in 140 ms, typically 2-5 cm below the X-point. Toroidal Mach number, density, floating potential (phi(f)), and electron temperature (T-e) are measured. In the regime accessible to the probe (P-inj < 1.5 MW, line-integrated core density