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Expulsion of runaway electrons using ECRH in the TCV tokamak

Author
Abstract

Runaway electrons (REs) are a concern for tokamak fusion reactors from discharge startup to termination. A sudden localized loss of a multi-megaampere RE beam can inflict severe damage to the first wall. Should a disruption occur, the existence of a RE seed may play a significant role in the formation of a RE beam and the magnitude of its current. The application of central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) reduces an existing RE seed population by up to three orders of magnitude within only a few hundred milliseconds. Applying ECRH before a disruption can also prevent the formation of a post-disruption RE beam in TCV where it would otherwise be expected. The RE expulsion rate and consequent RE current reduction are found to increase with applied ECRH power. Whereas central ECRH is effective in expelling REs, off-axis ECRH has a comparatively limited effect. A simple 0-D model for the evolution of the RE population is presented that explains how the effective ECRH-induced RE expulsion results from the combined effects of increased electron temperature and enhanced RE transport.

Year of Publication
2024
Journal
Nuclear Fusion
Volume
64
Issue
10
Number of Pages
106027
Publisher
IOP Publishing
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ad6c61
PId
e75a1875dee8b8e35622b2eb577e212b
Alternate Journal
Nucl. Fusion
Label
OA
Journal Article
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