Plasma Electrochemistry for Nitrogen Fixation

Plasma-enabled nitrogen oxidation followed by electrochemical reduction (pNOR-eNO x RR) systems represent a transformative approach for sustainable ammonia (NH₃) synthesis, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Haber-Bosch methods. This chapter delves into the innovative process of plasma-driven N₂ oxidation into NO x , which is then selectively reduced to NH₃ through electrochemical techniques. The feasibility of this hybrid system is explored in the context of its energy efficiency, Faradaic efficiency (FE), and integration with various electrochemical platforms, including proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) cells. Challenges such as optimizing plasma conditions for efficient N₂ activation, improving material stability, and scaling the system for industrial use are critically examined. The chapter further discusses advancements in hybrid reactor designs, including plasma-electrochemical reactors and catholyte-free systems, which aim to enhance NH₃ production rates while minimizing energy consumption. Additionally, considerations such as NO x management, product separation, and process optimization are highlighted as key factors in making pNOR-eNO x RR systems a competitive and viable solution for green ammonia production.