Global gyro-kinetic Ion Temperature Gradient and Trapped Electron Mode turbulence modelling in X-point geometry in negative and positive triangularity

Comparative modelling of ITG/TEM turbulence in negative (NT) and positive (PT) triangularity plasma shapes was done using the nonlinear full-f global gyrokinetic particle code JOREK-GK in the realistic X-point tokamak geometry including the Scrape Off Layer (SOL) for TCV and DIII-D parameters. A comparison of JOREK-GK code with the gyrokinetic codes GS2 and GENE was done using NT/PT triangularity TCV L-modes parameters showing good agreement between codes in linear growth rates and clear beneficial effect of NT as compared to PT. Global non-linear modelling of the ITG/TEM saturated turbulence for realistic DIII-D NT pulses was done and compared with numerically constructed PT equilibrium with the same plasma profiles. Existence of longer correlation length of density fluctuations in PT compared to NT was demonstrated. Stronger and more sheared zonal flows are generated via Reynolds stress in NT compared to PT. These factors are stabilizing for TEM/ITG turbulence in NT and lead to smaller heat fluxes and heat conductivities in NT compared to PT configuration. Weak dependence of plasma confinement on collisionality and plasma rotation was found in modelling of DIII-D NT shots similar to the experiment. The confinement scaling with normalized ion gyro-radius was estimated both for NT and PT. Bohm-like scaling was obtained in both configurations, however with better confinement for NT compared to PT which could be favorable factor for reactor size machines.