In situ ellipsometry study of atomic hydrogen etching of extreme ultraviolet induced carbon layers

Atomic hydrogen based etching is generally considered an efficient method for the removal of carbon films resulting from photo-induced hydrocarbon dissociation, as occurs in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography environments. The etch rate of atomic hydrogen for three different kinds of carbon films was determined, namely for EUV-induced carbon, hot filament evaporated carbon and e-beam evaporated carbon. The etching process was monitored in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The etch rate was found to depend on the type of carbon (polymer or graphite-like), on the layer thickness, and on the temperature. The EUV-induced carbon shows the highest etch rate, with a value of similar to 0.2 nm/min at a sample temperature of 60 degrees C. The more graphite-like carbon layers showed an etch rate that was about 10 times lower at this temperature. An activation energy of 0.45 eV was found for etching of the EUV-induced carbon layer. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.